Mounce Chapter 7  Genitive and Dative
First and Second Declension Nouns

In this Chapter you will learn:
1)  The final two major cases, the genitive (when the noun is showing possession) and the dative (when the noun is used as the indirect object)
2)  The concept of key words;
3)  Noun Rules #4, #5, and #6.
<>Do Dr. Decker's Lesson    Lesson pdf fileon Chap 7 by Dr.Decker
In English
 Tom (subject) threw (verb) Jill's (possessive) book (direct object) to Bill (indirect object)

In Greek
Tom oV (nominative) threw (see chap 15 for verbs) Jill hV (genative) book on (accusative) Bill w/(dative)

In Greek word order does not determine the a nouns function, the ending does,  for example:
Threw book on Jill hV  Bill w/ Tom oV  say's the same thing.

Use of 'Key Words' for understanding genative and dative.
When you find a genative case insert the key word "OF"
hj doxa anqrwpou  
the glory of mankind
(we often use apostrophe 's'  to indicate possessive as in  'mankind's glory'  here we recommend you get used to 'of' in stead.)
So always place the key word  'of ' in front of any word in the genative case.  This is a good first attempt at translation.

John 1:4  In him was zwh, (life;)  and the zwh (life)  was to fwV twn anyrwpwn (the light of men.)
4  en autw zwh,  hn kai h zwh hn to fwV twn anyrwpwn
 (notice the use of the genative plural ending wn ; notice also that the article twn (the) will have the same genative ending)

When you find a dative case insert the key word "TO"
Mark 2:2b and he preached  ton logon (the word)  autoiV (to them.)
............. kai elalei autoiV ton logon
(notice the word order change, and the key word use with the dative ending oiV )

Jesus saith autw/ (unto him,)
legei autw/ o ihsouv

Note that the Iota is the dative singular case ending and i"  is the dative plural.  In the singular, the final stem vowel lengthens and the iota subscripts.  Because alpha lengthens to long alpha, and eta is already long, you do not see the lengthening in the first declension; but it is visible in the second declension because omicron lengthens to omega.

ai  -- a/   *basileia + i -- basileia/
hi  -- h/   *ajgaph + i -- ajgajph/
oi  -- w/   *logo + i -- logoi -- logwi -- logw/
Note that the subscript iota does not show up in many fonts (i.e. symbol)  and is represented as a ' / ' in the Mounce font..

So always place a 'to'  in front of any word in the dative case.  This is a good first attempt at translation, but the dative, making a indirect object may take any of a group of participles. (to, unto, from, at, etc)
Eight Noun Rules
Memorize Rules 4,5 and 6  in this Lesson

1. Stems ending in a or h are in the first declension, stems ending in o are in the second, and consonantal stems are in the third. (pg 37)

2. Every neuter word has the same form in the nominative and accusitive.

3. Almost all neuter words end in a in the nominative and accusative plural.

4. In the sative singular, the iota subscripts if possible.(pg 50)

5. Vowles often change their length ("ablaut")

6. In the genitive and dative, the masculine and neuter will always be identical.

7. The square of stops

+ s =

Labials p b f y

Velars k g c x

Dentals t d q s

8. A tau cannot stand at the end of a word and will drop off.

Noun Endings
Case/Number  2 Mas 1 Fem 2 Neut
N S oV a h on
Genative Singular ou aV hV ou
Dative Singular note the subscript iota
 w/ a/ h/ w/
A S on an hn on
N P oi ai a
Genative Plural wn wn wn
Dative Plural oiV aiV oiV
A P ouV aV a

The Articles

N S oJ hJ tov
Genative Singular tou' th'V tou'
Dative Singular
 note the subscript iota
 tw'/ th'/ tw'/
A S tovn thvn tov
N P oiJ aJi tav
Genative  Plural tw'n tw'n tw'n
Dative Plural toi'V tai'V toi'V
A P touvV tavV tav
Mounce Chapter 7 Vocabulary

aJmartiva as hJ sin
ajrchv h's hJ beginning, ruler
gavr     for then Postpositive
ei\     you are
ei\pen     he/she/it said
eijV     into, in, among
eijsivn     they are
evxonsiva aV hJ authority, power
eujaggevlion ou tov good news, Gospel
jIhsou'V ou' oJ Jesus,Joshua
kuvrios ou oJ Lord, lord, master, sir
mhv     not, lest
oujranovV ou' oJ heaven, sky
ou|tos     this (one)/ these (pl)
suv     you (singular)
uiJovV ou' oJ son, descendant
w{ste     therefore, so that


Do Dr. Decker Lesson

Lesson pdf fileon Chap 7 by Dr.Decker

<>Take Closed Book Quiz 5 for Chapter 7 (Includes vocab, noun rules, case endings and articles)
(This Quiz should be taken with a html editor then saved and emailed to your instructor.)

<>Take Closed Book Quiz 6 for Chapter 7 (Includes vocab, noun rules, case endings and articles)
(This Quiz should be taken with a html editor then saved and emailed to your instructor.)

Back to Index or On to Next Lesson 8

Remember Learning Greek is Fun.