Mounce Chapter 8 Propositions
In this chapter you will learn:
1) Prepositions are little wors like "over," "under," and "through" that define the relationship between two words;
2) The word following the preposition is called the object of the preposition;
3) How the meaning of a preposition is changed; and
4) Dependent clauses.

<>Do Dr. Decker's Lesson   Lesson pdf fileon Chap 8 by Dr.Decker
A preposition by Webster:
 prep·o·si·tion1 (prµp”…-z¹sh“…n) n. Abbr. prep. Grammar. 1. In some languages, a word placed before a substantive and indicating the relation of that substantive to a verb, an adjective, or another substantive, as English at, by, in, to, from, and with. 2. A word or construction similar in function to a preposition, such as in regard to or concerning. [Middle English preposicioun, from Old French preposicion, from Latin praepositi½, praepositi½n-, a putting before, preposition (translation of Greek prothesis) from praepositus, past participle of praep½nere, to put in front : prae-, pre- + p½nere, to put; see apo- below.]
————————————————————
USAGE NOTE: The doctrine that a preposition may not be used to end a sentence was first promulgated by Dryden, probably on the basis of a specious analogy to Latin, and was subsequently refined by 18th-century grammarians. The rule has since become one of the most venerated maxims of schoolroom grammatical lore. But sentences ending with prepositions can be found in the works of most of the great writers since the Renaissance. In fact, English syntax allows and sometimes requires final placement of the preposition. Such placement is the only possible one in sentences such as We have much to be thankful for or That depends on what you believe in. Efforts to rewrite such sentences to place the preposition elsewhere will have comically stilted results; for example: We have much for which to be thankful or That depends on that in which you believe. · Even sticklers for the traditional rule can have no grounds for criticizing sentences such as I don't know where she will end up or It's the most curious book I've ever run across. In these examples, up and across are used as adverbs, not prepositions, as demonstrated by the ungrammaticality of sentences such as I don't know up where she will end and It's the most curious book across which I have ever run.

By Mounce:
Prepositions. A preposition is a word that indicates the relationship between two words.

In Greek, however, one must make this important distinction:
In Greek, the meaning of a preposition depends upon the case of its object.  For example, the preposition  diaj means "through" if its object is in the genitivbe, bur "on account of" it its object is in the accusative.  The object almost always immediately follows the prepostion.
 When memorizing the definition of a preposition, we suggest you use this formula:
______ with the _____ means _____. 
as in  "en"  with the "dative" means "in"

Note that when a prepostion ends in a vowel and the following word begins with a vowel , the final vowel of the proposition may be dropped and marked with an apostrophe.  This is called "elision."  An example:
metaj aujto;n   --  met= aujton
When the following vowel has a rough breathing, the consonant before the vowel in the preposition often changes as well.  These changes were necessary in order to pronounce the combination of sounds more easily.
metaj hJmw'n   --  met= hJmw'n -- meq= hJmw'n

My Chart of Prepositions (this should be printed on 3x5 and comitted to memory)

preposit.jpg

eijmi;
We have seen most of the forms of eijmi;  Memorize the paradigm.  "1st" means "first person," etc.  "Sg" means "singular," and "pl" means "plural."

  present tense translation
1st sg eijmiv I am
2nd sg ei\ You are
3rd sg ejstiv(n) He/she/it is
1st pl ejsmevn We are
2nd pl ejstev You are
3rd pl eijsiv(n) They are


Movable Nu
 A movable nu is a nu occurring at the end of a word that ends with a vowel when that word is followed by a word beginning with a vowel.  (e.g. eijsivn auktoiv). The purpose of adding the nu was to avoid pronouncing two successive vowels.  By adding a nu, a pause is made and the two vowel sounds van be distinguished.  THis is like changing the Rnglich "a" to "an" when the next word begins with a vowel.

Dependent Clauses
A dependent clause is a collection of words that cannot stand alone.  It  has meaning only when it is part of a complete sentence; it is dependent upon that sentence. 
For example, in English the clause "if I go home" is not a sentence.  It is incomplete when standing on its own.  It is there fore dependent on the main sentence.  "If I go home, I will eat dinner."
Here is the important point: as you are looking for the main subject and verb in a sentence, you will never find them in the dependent clause.   There will be a subject and verb in the dependent clause, but they will not be the main subject and verb of the sentence.

Mounce Chapter 8 Vocabulary

ajllav  
J
but,yet, except
ajpo(ajp,jvajf j)     (away) from
diaj (di j)     through (gen)

on account of (acc)

ejk, ejx     from, out of
hJmevra as hJ day
qavlassa hs hJ sea, lake
qavnatoV ou oJ death
i}na     in order that, that
jIoavnnhV ou oJ John
levgw     I say, speak
metav (met,jmeq j)     With (gen)

after (acc)

oijkiva aV hJ house, home
oi\koV ou oJ house, home
o[cloV ou oJ crowd, multitude
parav (par j)     from -gen

beside -dat

alongside-acc

parabolhv h'V hJ parable
probV     to, towards, with -acc
uJpov (uJp j, uJf )j     by -gen.

under -acc




Do Dr. Decker's Lesson

Lesson pdf fileon Chap 8 by Dr.Decker


<>Take Closed Book Quiz 7 for Chapter 8 (Includes Ch 7 vocab, noun rules, case endings and articles)
(This Quiz should be taken with a html editor then saved and emailed to your instructor.)

Take Closed Book Quiz 8 for Chapter 8 (Includes Ch 8 vocab, noun rules, case endings and articles)
(This Quiz should be taken with a html editor then saved and emailed to your instructor.)

Back to Index or On to Next Lesson 9

Remember Learning Greek is Fun.