In this chapter you will learn:
1) Prepositions are little wors like "over," "under," and "through"
that define the relationship between two words;
2) The word following the preposition is called the
object of the preposition;
3) How the meaning of a preposition is changed; and
4) Dependent clauses.
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A preposition by Webster:
prep·o·si·tion1 (prµp”…-z¹sh“…n)
n. Abbr. prep. Grammar. 1. In some languages, a word placed before a
substantive and indicating the relation of that substantive to a verb,
an adjective, or another substantive, as English at, by, in, to, from,
and with. 2. A word or construction similar in function to a
preposition, such as in regard to or concerning. [Middle English
preposicioun, from Old French preposicion, from Latin
praepositi½, praepositi½n-, a putting before, preposition
(translation of Greek prothesis) from praepositus, past participle of
praep½nere, to put in front : prae-, pre- + p½nere, to
put; see apo- below.]
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USAGE NOTE: The doctrine that a preposition may not be used to end a
sentence was first promulgated by Dryden, probably on the basis of a
specious analogy to Latin, and was subsequently refined by 18th-century
grammarians. The rule has since become one of the most venerated maxims
of schoolroom grammatical lore. But sentences ending with prepositions
can be found in the works of most of the great writers since the
Renaissance. In fact, English syntax allows and sometimes requires
final placement of the preposition. Such placement is the only possible
one in sentences such as We have much to be thankful for or That
depends on what you believe in. Efforts to rewrite such sentences to
place the preposition elsewhere will have comically stilted results;
for example: We have much for which to be thankful or That depends on
that in which you believe. · Even sticklers for the traditional
rule can have no grounds for criticizing sentences such as I don't know
where she will end up or It's the most curious book I've ever run
across. In these examples, up and across are used as adverbs, not
prepositions, as demonstrated by the ungrammaticality of sentences such
as I don't know up where she will end and It's the most curious book
across which I have ever run.
By Mounce:
Prepositions. A preposition is
a word that indicates the relationship between two words.
In Greek, however, one must make
this important distinction:
In Greek, the meaning of a preposition
depends upon the case of its object. For example, the
preposition diaj means "through" if its object is in the
genitivbe, bur "on account of" it its object is in the
accusative. The object almost always immediately follows the
prepostion.
When memorizing the definition of a preposition, we suggest you
use this formula:
______ with the _____ means _____.
as in "
en"
with the "dative" means "in"
Note that when a prepostion ends in a vowel and the following word
begins with a vowel , the final vowel of the proposition may be dropped
and marked with an apostrophe. This is called "elision." An
example:
metaj
aujto;n --
met= aujton
When the following vowel has a rough breathing, the consonant before
the vowel in the preposition often changes as well. These changes
were necessary in order to pronounce the combination of sounds more
easily.
metaj
hJmw'n --
met= hJmw'n -- meq= hJmw'n
My
Chart of Prepositions (this should
be printed on 3x5 and comitted to memory)
eijmi;
We have seen most of the forms of
eijmi;
Memorize the paradigm. "1st" means "first person," etc.
"Sg" means "singular," and "pl" means "plural."